KNEE REPLACEMENT SURGERY

What is Knee Replacement?

In knee replacement surgery, an artificial joint (prosthesis) is inserted to replace a damaged or worn-out knee joint. It aims to relieve pain, improve mobility, and restore normal functionalities in individuals with arthritis, injury, or degeneration of the joints.

Why is Knee Replacement Needed?

  • Severe osteoarthritis : The most common reason .
  • Rheumatoid arthritis : An autoimmune disease affecting the joints.
  • Post-traumatic arthritis : Arthritis due to injury or fractures.
  • Chronic knee pain and stiffness restricting everything in daily activities.
  • Less mobile and has difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or standing for long periods.

TYPES OF KNEE REPLACEMENT

Total Knee Replacement

  • A prosthesis is placed during severe damage to the knee joint.
  • Includes metal and plastic prosthetic components that imitate the function.

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Partial Knee Replacement

  • Only the damaged part of the knee prosthetic joint is replaced.
  • Preserves uninjured bone and ligaments, resulting in faster recovery.

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Materials Used For Implants

1

Metal-on-Plastic

The femoral component is metal, the tibial component is plastic, most widely used type.

2

Ceramic-on-ceramic

A bone-sparing and wear-reducing option.

3

Metal-on-Metal

The shading of metal particles raises some concerns; this option is not used as often.

PROCEDURE OF KNEE REPLACEMENT

1.The patient undergoes medical evaluation, imaging
(X-ray, MRI), and blood tests.
2.Anesthesia is administered (either general or spinal) to ensure a painless procedure.

Preparation & Anesthesia

STEP-1

1.The surgeon makes an incision (about 6-10 inches long) over the knee.
2.Damaged cartilage, bone, and joint surfaces are carefully removed.

Removal of Damaged Joint

STEP-2

1.Artificial knee components (metal and plastic) are positioned and secured.
2.The knee joint is tested for smooth movement before closing the incision.

Implanting the Prosthetic Knee

STEP-3

1.The incision is stitched and bandaged.
2.Post-surgery, the patient begins physical therapy, with full recovery taking 3-6 months.

Closure & Recovery

STEP-4

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